Hematite
Hematite is the most important iron ore mineral. Its name comes from the Greek word for blood, referring to its red streak.
Hematite properties at a glance
| Type | Minerals |
|---|---|
| Chemical formula | Fe2O3 |
| Mohs hardness | 6 |
| Crystal system | trigonal |
| Luster | metallic |
| Streak | Red to reddish-brown |
| Cleavage | None |
| Fracture | Conchoidal |
| Specific gravity | 5.3 |
| Transparency | opaque |
| Common colors | Metallic Gray, Black, Red |
| Rarity | common |
Geology & background
Forms in sedimentary banded iron formations and as a weathering product of other iron-bearing minerals.
Used as a pigment for cave paintings dating back 40,000 years.
How to identify Hematite
- Check whether the specimen's color and texture match typical Hematite examples.
- Photograph a fresh surface in natural light and avoid shadows, glare, or wet surfaces.
- Use hardness, streak, luster, grain size, and locality together; no single trait is enough for every specimen.
Where Hematite is found
Hematite is reported from multiple localities or geological settings. Exact locality should be verified from specimen provenance, maps, or field notes.
How much is Hematite worth?
| Entry-level specimen | $2 |
|---|---|
| Typical collector specimen | $10 |
| Premium specimen | $50+ |
Value depends on size, condition, color, crystal quality, locality, rarity, preparation, and provenance. Treat this as educational guidance, not an appraisal.
Common uses
- Iron ore
- Pigment
- Jewelry
- Polishing compounds
Interesting facts
- Responsible for Mars' red color
- Ancient Egyptians used it in burial objects
- The red pigment ochre is made from hematite
Care & safety
Treat Hematite as a collector specimen unless hardness, cleavage, and fracture are confirmed.
Avoid inhaling dust. Do not cut, grind, or polish unknown specimens without eye protection and a properly rated respirator.
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