Sapphire: Identification, Properties & Value

Sapphire properties at a glance

Type	Precious Stones
Chemical formula	Al2O3
Mohs hardness	9
Crystal system	trigonal
Luster	adamantine
Streak	White
Cleavage	None
Fracture	Conchoidal
Specific gravity	4
Transparency	transparent
Common colors	Blue, Pink, Yellow, Orange, Green, White
Rarity	rare

Geology & background

Forms in metamorphic and igneous rocks under high pressure and temperature with iron and titanium impurities.

Associated with royalty for centuries, including Princess Diana's engagement ring now worn by Kate Middleton.

How to identify Sapphire

Check whether the specimen's color and texture match typical Sapphire examples.
Photograph a fresh surface in natural light and avoid shadows, glare, or wet surfaces.
Use hardness, streak, luster, grain size, and locality together; no single trait is enough for every specimen.

Where Sapphire is found

Sapphire is reported from multiple localities or geological settings. Exact locality should be verified from specimen provenance, maps, or field notes.

How much is Sapphire worth?

Entry-level specimen	$500
Typical collector specimen	$5000
Premium specimen	$50000+

Value depends on size, condition, color, crystal quality, locality, rarity, preparation, and provenance. Treat this as educational guidance, not an appraisal.